The Phthalocyanines — Molecules of Enduring Value; a Two-dimensional Analysis of Redox Potentials

The sensor applications of MPc derivatives on carbon-type electrodes are briefly reviewed. The electrochemical properties of metallophthalocyanines in solution and on a surface are reviewed with emphasis on predicting redox potentials using Hammett substituent constants and using ligand electrochemical parameters. Design requirements for a two-electron redox process at a metallophthalocyanine center are discussed. A two-dimensional approach using both Hammett parameters and ligand electrochemical parameters is introduced. Some preliminary test examples are presented.